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英语(第一语言) · 练习

指导写作与材料运用:原创综合练习与解析

每一课你都看得懂,但新的材料和新的读者同时出现时,你还是会卡住。

这套练习有十二道原创题,涵盖指导写作与材料运用的五节课,由易到难排列。第 1 至 4 题练习选材,第 5 至 8 题练习改写与立场,第 9 至 12 题综合运用所有技能。

先在纸上写出答案,再打开参考答案。参考答案只展示一种好的回答,不是唯一的答案。错题记录与重测队列适合记录你做错的地方,读者语域与目的规划器可以帮助你规划。

两份材料

Source A: library report.

Harbour Road Library will close on Sundays and Mondays from January, the town council announced on Tuesday. The change is expected to save RM90,000 a year. Councillor Tan Mei Ling called the decision “reluctant but necessary”. Library visits have fallen by 18% over three years, although Saturday is still the busiest day. The Harbour Youth Forum says the library is the only quiet place in the district where students can study and use free internet. The council says the reading rooms will stay open from Tuesday to Friday and a mobile library will visit two schools each week.

Source B: school phone rule.

Bayu Secondary School will ask students to hand their phones to form teachers at 7.40 a.m. from next term and collect them at 1.20 p.m. Headteacher Mr Hashim said a trial showed phones interrupting lessons about six times a day in each class. The Parents’ Association supports the rule but has asked for a way to reach children in an emergency. Some Form 4 students say they use revision apps on their phones at break. The school says phones may be used at break on Fridays only.

题目

1. 题目:“You are a student. Write a newsletter article for parents explaining the new phone rule.” 用一行字写出读者、目的和形式。

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读者:家长。目的:清楚说明新规定,让他们明白有什么改变。形式:通讯稿文章(较正式的资讯性文字)。

2. 根据 Source B 和第 1 题的题目,说出你会最先选的三个细节,以及一个你会舍去的细节。

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选:上交和领回手机的时间(7.40 a.m. 和 1.20 p.m.)、学校的理由(试行时手机每个班每天约打断课堂六次)以及 Parents’ Association 关于紧急情况的请求。舍去:Form 4 学生使用复习应用的说法,除非你需要它来回应异议,因为它关乎学生的习惯,而不是家长的需要。其他选择只要你能说明理由也可以。

3. 题目:“Write a speech for Year 11 students persuading them to support the phone rule.” 从 Source B 中,哪个细节对这群读者较弱,为什么?

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Parents’ Association 关于紧急情况的请求对这群读者较弱,因为它针对的是家长的担忧,而不是学生支持这项规定的理由。更有力的选择是每个班级六次打断,以及星期五休息时可使用手机,这显示规定是公平的。如果之后要回应异议,仍可用上紧急情况的请求。

4. 一位学生为 Source A 的演讲做计划,完全按文章顺序:成本、议员、到访人数、Youth Forum、流动图书馆。如果演讲的目的是说服同学签名请愿,这个计划有什么问题?

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它沿用了文章的顺序和侧重点,所以是替议会一方说话。学生应按同学在意的内容排序,先讲关闭的日子和 Youth Forum 关于安静学习空间的说法。

5. 为对学生的演讲改写 Source B 中的这一句,不要照抄措辞:“Headteacher Mr Hashim said a trial showed phones interrupting lessons about six times a day in each class.”

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例如:“In the school’s trial, a phone interrupted each class about six times a day, so our teachers are starting lessons only to have to stop them again.” 要确认 Mr Hashim、试行以及 “about six times a day in each class” 的意思没有变。最后一个分句是与事实相连的推理。其他措辞也可以。

6. 为一封写给 Mr Hashim 的信写一句立场句:请他保留星期五休息时的手机使用,并在星期三增加一个短时段使用复习应用。

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例如:“I support the aim of quieter lessons, and I am asking you to keep the Friday break and add one Wednesday slot for revision apps.” 它显示了立场、建设性的语气,以及作者想要什么。星期三时段是作者的建议,不是材料里的事实。

7. 找出写给 Mr Hashim 的信中这一段的立场漂移:

“The phone rule is unfair and treats students like children. Of course, I can see why phones cause problems, so the rule is probably fine. I just think Fridays are a good idea.”

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作者先反对规定,再同意,再赞扬其中一部分。立场变了两次,读者不知道作者想要什么。改正:选一个立场,例如请求小幅修改,并把中间的让步放进论证中:“I can see why phones disturb lessons, but a short, supervised revision slot would meet that concern.”

8. 用一句话,从 Source B 中公平地陈述 Parents’ Association 的观点,用于一封反对该规定的信。

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“The Parents’ Association supports the rule but has asked for a way to reach children in an emergency.” 这保留了论断的两半。如果写成 “parents want phones back”,就歪曲了,因为他们支持这项规定。

9. 以希望保留规定但加上保障措施的学生口吻,用一两句话回应第 8 题的观点。

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例如:“The Parents’ Association is right to ask for this, and a simple way for the office to pass urgent messages would meet the concern without bringing phones back into lessons.” 这个回应承认了观点,提出解决办法,同时保护了立场。由办公室传达紧急信息是建议,不是材料里的事实。

10. 判断每个说法是事实、允许的推论还是编造。(a) “The headteacher said the trial lasted six weeks.” (b) “Interruptions seem likely to fall if phones are collected.” (c) “Some Form 4 students use revision apps at break.”

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(a) 编造:材料没有给出试行的时长。(b) 允许的推论:试行显示有干扰,收起手机理应减少干扰。用 “seem likely” 标明。(c) 事实:材料说一些 Form 4 学生这样表示。要谨慎地注明是他们的说法。

11. 修改关于 Source A 的演讲中的这句话,去掉编造的支持:“A recent survey showed that 9 out of 10 students rely on the library at weekends.”

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删掉调查和数字,换成推论:“Because Saturday is the busiest day, it seems that weekends matter to people who use the library, and that includes students.” 这保留了材料所说的内容,并把这一步标明为推理。

12. 写一封学生写给 Councillor Tan、请她保留星期日开放的信的开头段(三到四句)。至少用上 Source A 的两个细节,加以改写,表明立场,并且不编造事实。

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参考答案:

“I am writing to ask you to keep the library open on Sundays. I understand that the change is expected to save RM90,000 a year, but the Youth Forum calls the library the only quiet place in the district with free internet where students can study. Since Saturday is still its busiest day, it seems that weekends matter to the people who use it. I hope the council will look for a way to keep at least some Sunday hours.”

检查:第一句就表明立场;公平地承认议会的理由;使用并重塑了两个材料细节;“it seems” 标明推论;没有编造数字或事件。

如果你做错了

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