这组练习涵盖报告与长篇写作的技能：归类发现、区分观察与建议、展开论点、保持平衡的语体，以及核对题目体裁。所有情境都是虚构的，专为本页编写。
请先在纸上写出自己的答案，再打开解答对照。每次只改草稿中的一处，比整篇重写更有用。写作修改对比视图可以帮你看出两个版本之间改了什么。
题目，由易到难
Q1. 把虚构运动会的这些笔记归成两组，并给每组一个标题：“The first race started 40 minutes late”、“There was no shade for spectators”、“Races were not announced in advance”、“Drinking water ran out by 11 a.m.”
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Organisation： the first race started 40 minutes late; races were not announced in advance。Comfort： no shade for spectators; drinking water ran out by 11 a.m.
每一组回答读者的一个问题（“活动安排得如何？”和“现场舒不舒服？”），每个标题也写明了内容。只要做到这两点，其他标题也可以。
Q2. 在一份学校旅行的报告里，哪个标题最有用：“Things”、“Travel and timing” 还是 “Point 3”？请说明。
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“Travel and timing.” 读者能从标题猜到内容。“Things” 和 “Point 3” 没有说明后面是什么。见把发现归入有用的结构。
Q3. 标出观察（O）或建议（S）：(a) “Twelve of 30 students said the hall is too cold.” (b) “The school could switch the air conditioning to a warmer setting.” (c) “The hall was used for three exams last week.” (d) “It would be worth asking students to bring a jacket.”
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(a) O：报告学生说了什么。(b) S：could 推荐一项行动。(c) O：陈述事实。(d) S：it would be worth 是推荐短语。
Q4. 拆成一句观察和一句建议：“The recycling bins are rubbish, so the school must buy new ones.”
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一种可能的答案：“Five of the eight bins have broken lids, and students said they do not use them. The school could replace the broken lids or buy new bins.” 评判词 rubbish 换成了事实，must 变成了 could。
Q5. 在一份学校社团的报告里，判断哪些属于 Findings，哪些属于 Recommendations：(a) “Meetings start at 4 p.m. and end at 5 p.m.” (b) “The club could meet once a week at lunchtime instead.” (c) “Nine of the 14 members said 4 p.m. is too late because of the bus.” (d) “A short survey of members should be held each term.”
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Findings： (a) 和 (c)，因为它们报告现状和成员说的话。Recommendations： (b) 和 (d)，因为它们描述要做的改变。观察放在前面，这样建议就是在回应读者已经看到的问题。
Q6. 用理由和例子展开这个论点：“The school should add more bicycle racks.”
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一种可能的答案：“The school should add more bicycle racks. At the moment there are fewer racks than cyclists, so students leave bicycles against the fence where they can be damaged or stolen. For example, six of the 25 students I asked said they stopped cycling because they could not find a safe place to park.” 理由增加了新信息，例子带有数字。
Q7. 这个支撑有什么问题？“Homework is important because it is something students need to do.”
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理由只是重复论点。更好的理由应写出好处：“because it gives students practice after a lesson while the ideas are still fresh.” 然后再加一个例子，例如每周一次简短的词汇练习。见用理由和例子展开一个论点。
Q8. 用平衡的语体改写：“The school gym is a total mess, and the boys just leave their stuff everywhere.”
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一种可能的答案：“The gym is untidy, and students often leave bags and equipment on the floor.” Total mess 和 stuff 换成中性的词，the boys 改为 students，避免在没有证据时责怪某一群人。语气保持平实礼貌。
Q9. 在不变随便的前提下，把这句话变得更简单：“It is essential that substantial measures be instituted to ameliorate the situation.”
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一种可能的答案：“The school needs to take clear steps to improve the situation.” 更好的是写出具体的步骤：“The school needs to add a second payment counter and more seating.” 平实的版本更容易读，写出步骤则让建议更有用。见使用平衡的语体。
Q10. 课本里的一道练习题要求写提案，但你所考年份的资料显示的是另一种写作体裁。你该怎么做？
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到 Cambridge 官网你所考代码的课程大纲页面，阅读你所考年份文件中的题目措辞和评分标准。保留课本练习里共通的技能，但练习你的试卷实际出的体裁。如果不确定适用哪个代码或考季，请询问考试中心。见核对考试年份的实际题型。
Q11. 用三处修改改进这个段落：“The library is bad and there are not enough books. Students can’t find books they want. The school should do something.”
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修改 1，观察： 用事实替换 bad：“Seven of the 20 students interviewed said the library has too few recent English books.”
修改 2，展开： 补上理由和例子：“As a result, they cannot find suitable books for reading projects. For example, three students borrowed books from a public library instead.”
修改 3，建议与语体： “The school could use part of its budget to add new titles each term.”
结果：“Seven of the 20 students interviewed said the library has too few recent English books. As a result, they cannot find suitable books for reading projects. For example, three students borrowed books from a public library instead. The school could use part of its budget to add new titles each term.”
如果你做错了
用你的错误来决定接下来复习什么。把每个错误按类型记进错题记录与重测队列。
| 错误类型 | 题号 | 去看 |
|---|---|---|
| 分组太多或标题不清 | Q1、Q2 | 把发现归入有用的结构 |
| 事实与建议混在一起 | Q3、Q4、Q5 | 区分观察与建议 |
| 论点缺少理由或例子 | Q6、Q7、Q11 | 用理由和例子展开一个论点 |
| 语气太随便或太生硬 | Q8、Q9 | 使用平衡的语体 |
| 练习与你的试卷不符 | Q10 | 核对考试年份的实际题型 |
摘要选取与改写工作室提供更多关于简明、准确改写的练习。
下一步做什么？
过几天后，不看答案重做你做错的题，然后为自己选定的虚构读者写一篇完整的文章。如果你想请老师阅读并回应，线上一对一第二语言英语补习可以从你自己写的文章入手。